Cat-5 Ethernet cable The cable used on an Ethernet network is described as UTP cable, which stands for unshielded twisted pair. Inside, the cable has eight cable cores arranged as four twisted pairs, but unlike with audio and video cables, there is no foil shielding around the inner cores. It is the twisting alone that provides a degree of isolation from interference from outside the cable and, allows the cable to carry data at very high rates up to a distance of 100 meters (300 feet). Often, the cable is named by its specification schedule of Category-5 (think of the worse hurricane level), which is abbreviated to Cat-5 or Cat-5E. Network cable is terminated with an RJ45 module (wall socket) or, an RJ45 plug. Cat-6 cable is very similar, but will allow even faster data transmission rates. Each length of Cat-5 cable can run to 100 meters (300 feet) RJ45 8P8C connectors Ethernet cables are terminated with RJ45 connectors. Often termed an 8P8C connector, this means there are eight positions which are occupied by eight contacts and, it fits into a socket called a module. When viewed end-on, RJ45 connectors are oblong. Do not confuse this connector with it's cousin, the RJ11 connector. The RJ11 standard, also called 6P4C, is widely used to connect DSL routers to telephone lines. An RJ11 plug when viewed end-on is square-ish not oblong. The smaller 4P4C connector is used for American telephone cables. See the diagram below for the RJ45 connector wiring plan. There is no need to strip the eight cables bare before they are located inside the connector. The plug contacts have teeth that bite through the insulation in a technique called insulation displacement. The contacts must be punched down firmly in order to make a reliable contact. An RJ45 crimping tool is a worthwhile investment as it crimps all eight contracts at once. An automated cable tester is a nice-to-have accessory as it tests each conductive line at once. Should for some reason, the connector fail to make, it is often best to cut off the failed end and start again. A small bag of 8P8C connectors is a wise purchase. Never push an uncrimped connector into a module. The still proud contacts will foul the contact tangs, and prove a real nuisance to remove. That's experience talking. A correctly assembled RJ45 connector Untwisting the cable pairs will cause the cable to lose its high speed data integrity Although unnecessary for most inside wiring jobs, RJ45 connectors can be covered using protective boots. Available in a range of colours, boots are suitable for colour coding the otherwise grey and buff cables. When assembling ad-hoc cables, snag-less boots are preferable. Pictured, an ordinary booted connector (top) and a snag-less boot. See how the blue boot covers the locking tab on the RJ45 connector. This prevents the tab acting like a fishing barb, snagging and then dragging on every other cable in creation. Put boots on the cable before crimping the connectors! RJ45 8P8C connector wiring plan Cat-5 cable colours and their corresponding place within the 8P8C connector. Both connectors at either end of the cable are wired in exactly the same way, making two identical looking plugs. So is there actually a need to over-loop the solid green and solid blue coloured cables? The answer is no. In technical terms, provided the cable colour at each position on both connectors is the same, there is no need for over-looping. This is because the devices at either end have no idea of the colour of the insulation being used! Only pedantic inspectors might. Where there is a need to make-up custom network leads, a few inexpensive tools are a worthwhile and stress-busting expenditure. Pictured, the blue handled device is an RJ45 crimping tool. The grey boxes are both ends of an automated cable continuity tester. The red handled clippers are for cutting a clean edge on the Cat-5 cable so the strands will insert into the RJ45 connector without scrunching.

Using a 3G Network .
The connectivity offered by 3G mobile phone networks offers another means for connecting an IP web-camera to the internet in remote areas or, in urban places where a conventional Wi-Fi or DSL connection is unavailable. You can even use the technology to create a webcam from a moving object, like a river boat, a tour-bus or a locomotive cab.

There are many means of connecting to a 3G network; a 3G enabled Smart Phone, a Tablet with 3G built-in, or a USB dongle that plugs directly into a laptop. There are also dedicated 3G Routers that function exactly the same as a wired DSL router. With multiple Ethernet ports and a built-in Firewall, the only difference is the internet connection is achieved by transmitting over the mobile network's airwaves. Some 3G routers require a separate USB 3G dongle to function, whilst portable pocket-sized devices called Mi-Fi Dongles, have everything built-in.

To connect to a 3G network requires a dedicated Data SIM. A Data enabled SIM gives access to the network operators speedy 3G network, rather than a conventional cellular SIM which may offer internet access using the far slower GPRS mode; which is of no use to man or beast.




Some points to consider about 3G. As domestic 3G is designed for downloading social content, upload speeds are limited. Uploading streaming video is not so reliable unless, you just so happen to live underneath a 3G tower.

Web-cameras connected to 3G routers can only push their images on to a server. Images cannot be viewed from the web-camera ad-hoc. This is because 3G networks are configured so users are effectively inside a Local Area Network of the tower they are connected to. Therefore, the user has no unique or static IP address. Frustratingly, even when using a Dynamic DNS service, the 3G router cannot be accessed from the outside world because the tower's IP address is not exposed to the web. As the router's ports cannot be mapped to, any camera configuration, control and trouble shooting needs to be done router-side.

Although 3G devices have quoted speeds of 3.6Mbps thru 7.2Mbps, practical 3G network reception is susceptible to local terrain, the number of other connected users and meteorology; like rain, hail and that once in a lifetime weather event! Signal strength and throughput speeds can fluctuate from minute to minute. Adverse Network Breathing can drop connections or worse, force the 3G modem to default to it's disastrously slow GPRS mode. Low speeds may result in an uploaded image being partly greyed out because the connection timed out. Streaming video is only practical when the image size is small, the frame rate is low and the compression ratio is high.

As 3G costs by data volume and not time connected, a 3G router can be always on. However, when compared to DSL, 3G data tariffs are expensive and restrictive. Pay-as-you-go tariffs limit both data and days, and top-up regimes are often confusing. For contract tariffs, 3G providers are unlikely to provide a duplicate SIM for use in your camera. Unlocking a 3G from it's parent network allows a data SIM from any competitive operator to be used. Be sure the price charged for unlocking doesn't exceed any cost savings as, some network unlocking charges are dearer than buying a whole new dongle for the other network!


3G routers either come with a 3G modem built-in or require the addition of an external USB 3G dongle.
As a rule of thumb, when used for uploading images from a weather camera, a 1Gb data SIM provides enough resource to upload over twelve thousand images. Over the 30-day lifespan of a typical pay-as-you-go SIM, this equates to sending in daylight hours, one image every four minutes. As 3G networks charge by data usage, use the camera's scheduling feature to avoid sending images when they are not required. Set image quality, and therefore the amount of bytes transmitted, to the minimum needed. Changing quality from excellent to good makes no discernable difference to the viewer but, could extend the top-up period of a SIM by a third!

Difference Between RJ45 and RJ11

 RJ 45 vs RJ11

 

 

Registered Jack is the meaning of the acronym RJ which is the acronym that cable connectors usually start with. Two of the most common jacks are the RJ45 and RJ11, each with their own specific purpose. The main difference between these two is in where they are actually used. RJ45 jacks are used in networking, where you connect computers or other network elements to each other. RJ11 is the cable connector that is being used in telephone sets.

Aside from the application, there are also differences that an individual can easily see and identify. The first of which is in the number of cables that are accommodated in each connector. If you look closely at both connectors, you would see that there are only four wires inside and RJ11 while there are eight wires inside an RJ45. As a consequence of having to accommodate more wires, RJ45 connectors are also a little bit bigger than RJ11s. It is then quite easy to deduce that you cannot plug-in an RJ45 connector to a RJ11 slot but the opposite is possible.

Although you can plug an RJ11 connector into an RJ45 slot, you should avoid doing that because you might damage the device that has the RJ45 slot, whether it is a switch or a network adapter. This is true when you use an RJ11 connector that is connected to your phone line. The reason behind this is the power that is being delivered by the telephone company into your handset that allows it to function even during a power outage. But with proper knowledge and training, some people have been able to use RJ45s all over their house instead of RJ11s.

A lot of people have begun to place RJ45 jacks on wall outlets inside their houses in order to reduce the number of visible wiring when using VoIP handsets that are rapidly gaining popularity right now. These mobile phones need to connect to your network instead of your telephone line. Usually VoIP handsets are found beside routers or computers, but having an RJ45 outlet gives VoIP phones the same amount of freedom as standard telephone sets when it comes to positioning.

Summary:
1.RJ45 is used with ethernet cables in computer networking while RJ11 is used in connecting telephone units
2.RJ45 contains more wires than RJ11
3.RJ45 is physically bigger than RJ11 to accommodate the extra wires

How Do Fusers Work
 Every toner based printer or copier has a fuser if your printer takes a toner cartridge
then guess what you have a fuser.
 Fusers perform one function that is to melt the toner in to the fiber of the paper
fusing assemblies do this by high heat and by pressure between the rollers located inside the fuser.

Old Fuser Technology

Earlier fuser technology required the use of a tungsten filament sealed lamp filled with an inert gas that heated up extremely hot inside an aluminum cylinder this was regulated by a thermostate to make sure it didnt get to hot or have a melt down " fuser meltdown" is what we use to call it the heat generates basically the same as a floor or space heater that you can purchase at your local store.

New Fuser Technolgy

The newer technolgy used by the printer manaufacturers is called a heating element and sleeve
these fusers no longer need heat lamps and they warm up to temp within seconds using a ceramic glass element , the problem however is they now use a sleeve that resembles camera film and the sleeve has teflon coatings on it which causes the toner not to stick, Similar as your pans at home and after long periods of time this teflon coating wears off and then the toner is not being  fused correctly to the paper print quality goes down hill and in most cases the sleeve fails as shown in the pictures below.

The Photo below is a good picture of the newer heating element technology on top
the lower picture is the tungsten lamp older fuser technology

 How long Do Fuser's Last ?
Fusers dont last long typically 100,000 to 200,000 pages is all there good for most printer
manufacturers will say they last longer and all printers are rated differently concerning fuser life expectancy
but by running envelopes and heavy paper stock through the printer you will cause your printers
fuser to shorten its life span if you want to prolong the life of your printer's fuser then be careful of what you run through it.